First-aid firefighting equipment and how to use it

First-aid firefighting equipment is meant for tackling fire at the very start, while the seat is still small. It includes fire extinguishers, hose reels/hydrants, a fire blanket, sand, and water in containers. Everyone should at least broadly know where these are at home or work and how to use them — looking for instructions during a fire is too late.

Extinguishers differ by charge type, and not every one suits every fire. Dry powder (ABC) — universal, for most household fires including electrical equipment. Carbon-dioxide (CO2) — for live electrical installations and delicate equipment, but risk frostbite and displace oxygen in enclosed spaces. Water and foam extinguish solids and flammable liquids but are not used on live electrics. Fires are classed: Class A — solids (wood, paper, fabric), B — flammable liquids, C — gases, D — metals, F — cooking oils and fats (kitchen). Choose the extinguisher for the fire class — it is stated on the label.

The four-step rule (PASS) helps you use an extinguisher: Pull the pin/seal; Aim the nozzle at the base of the flames, not the top; Squeeze the lever; Sweep from side to side across the base of the fire. Fight from upwind (draft at your back), from 2–3 meters, moving in gradually. Do not turn your back on an extinguished seat straight away — it may reignite. And always keep an escape route behind you: if you cannot cope, stop at once and leave.